India Preparing to Roll Out Its First National Anti-Terror Policy

 

Hemani Kandhari 

December 25, 2025 : 

India is set to introduce its first National Anti-Terror Policy, a major step towards strengthening internal security by focusing on prevention rather than only post-attack response. The policy will act as a uniform counter-terrorism framework for all States, enabling faster coordination, early threat detection and a standardised response mechanism across the country. To advance this initiative, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) will hold a two-day Anti-Terror Conference on December 26 and 27 in New Delhi. The important elements of the policy includes its structure and action plan, are likely to be presented during the conference.

The National Counter Terrorism Policy and Strategy was first announced in November last year by Union Home Minister Amit Shah, who underlined the need for a comprehensive and future-oriented counter-terror framework. The Home Ministry has almost completed the policy draft, with NIA submitting its key operational recommendations.

The conference will see participation from State Anti-Terror Units, Senior police leadership, Intelligence agencies and Counter-terrorism specialists. All stakeholders will deliberate with a shared goal — identifying and neutralising terror threats at the earliest possible stage.

Digital Radicalisation Emerges as Core Focus

A major emphasis of the policy is on digital radicalisation, now seen as the most complex and fast-growing terror threat. Terror activities are no longer confined to borders or remote areas. Extremist groups are actively operating through:

* Social media platforms

* Encrypted messaging apps

* Online gaming networks

* Dark web channels

It includes fake accounts, coded language, manipulated videos, deepfakes and disinformation to influence vulnerable youth.

Speed and Impact of Online Extremism

Security experts note that digital radicalisation happens much faster than before.

* Online algorithms create ideological echo chambers

* Repeated content exposure distorts perception

* Feelings of anger, isolation and misplaced belonging are reinforced

This makes young users particularly susceptible to extremist narratives.

Concerns Over Misuse of Open Borders

The policy also flags the misuse of open borders, especially along the India–Nepal border, as a growing concern.

Threats identified include:

* Terror infiltration

* Use of fake identities

* Aadhaar manipulation

* Forged travel and identity documents

Authorities stress the need for stronger border intelligence and better coordination among agencies.

Foreign-Funded Radical and Conversion Networks

Another critical issue addressed is the presence of foreign-funded radicalisation and conversion networks.

Intelligence inputs suggest that:

* External funding is being channelled into such networks

* Religious bodies and NGOs are sometimes used as fronts

* Youth are being systematically targeted for indoctrination

These activities are viewed as serious threats to national security.

Continued Threat of Cross-Border Terrorism

The policy also reiterates concerns over cross-border terrorism backed by Pakistan.

Recently, suspected links between Pakistan’s ISI and a religious centre in Canada came under scrutiny for alleged involvement in youth radicalisation.

Learnings from Recent Terror Attacks

After the April 22 terror attack in Pahalgam, the NIA conducted meetings with State anti-terror units to enhance:

* Preventive strategies

* Intelligence-sharing systems

* Use of advanced technology

A key focus was the effective utilisation of NATGRID, which allows secure access to multiple government databases for rapid suspect identification.

Investigations into the November 10 suicide attack near the Red Fort revealed that online radicalisation played a significant role. Digital platforms supported both ideological indoctrination and operational planning. This finding strengthened the case for a preventive policy.

Security Agencies Flag New-Age Threats

In recent months, the NIA Director General and NSG Chief briefed State Police leaders on emerging challenges such as:

* Digital radicalisation

* Foreign-funded conversion rackets

* Aadhaar spoofing

* Dark web recruitment

Experts say extremist groups exploit personal vulnerabilities including:

* Psychological trauma

* Financial distress

* Social isolation

* Identity-related issues

False promises of wealth, power and religious rewards are used to manipulate youth.

Shift from Reactive to Preventive Approach

Until now, counter-terror measures have largely been reactive, responding after attacks or advanced radicalisation.

The new policy seeks to prioritise:

* Early identification of radical tendencies

* Preventive intervention

* Police training and technology upgrades

* Continuous feedback from States

* Real-time monitoring of digital threats

Towards a Future-Ready Security System

While India introduced the National Policy and Action Plan for Left Wing Extremism in 2015, the changing nature of terrorism — especially its digital and cross-border reach — made a dedicated anti-terror policy essential.

Terrorism Beyond Borders and Battlefields

Today, terrorism has moved beyond physical frontiers — it now operates through digital screens and online platforms.

India’s first National Anti-Terror Policy aims to prepare the country for this evolving threat landscape by addressing digital radicalisation, border vulnerabilities, foreign-funded networks and cross-border terrorism.

The December 26–27 NIA conference is expected to play a crucial role in shaping the final roadmap.